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Do you know about Lipids if No, then learn Types of Lipids of Ultimate

Introduction of Lipids

We will learn lipids, lipids source, types of lipids, and function of lipids in these articles. The lipid is the organic compounds that are insoluble in the water but soluble in the non-polar organic solvents such as acetone, benzene, chloroform, and ether. 

The lipids are non-polar hydrophobic. Examples of lipids are home cooking like that all types of fats and cholesterol.

lipids, lipids source, types of lipids, and function of lipids,The lipid is the organic compounds, insoluble in the water, non-polar organic solvents,Types of lipids,lipids of cell

Like the carbohydrates, lipid serves two major roles in cells and tissues:

 (1). It occurs as constituents of certain components of cells which membranous organelles;  carotene found in plant pigments such as carrots and lycopene in the other that is tomatoes; tomatoes in mostly vitamins like A, E, and K; menthol and eucalyptus oil.

(2). Lipids in mostly present starch and glycogen, fat are insoluble in water but it is the best to form in which energy-yielding molecules can be stored for use when having not the starch in the body then it fulfills.

Lipids' number of carbon, hydrogen, and of oxygen atoms in a lipid molecule is always small compared to the number of carbon atoms. Sometimes small amounts of phosphorous, nitrogen, and sulfur are also present. Naturally lots of fats and oils their compounds of glycerol and fatty acids. It found esters that are formed by the reaction of organic acids with alcohol compounds. The formula of glycerol is C3H8O3  and the following is its molecular structure:

                                                 H

                                                  |

                                     H  ---   C  --- OH

                                                  |

                                     H  ---   C   --- OH

                                                  |

                                    H   ---   C  --- OH

                                                  |

                                                 H

                                            Glycerol

Fatty acids. A fatty acid molecule is amphipathic and has two distinct regions or ends: a long hydrocarbon chain, which is hydrophobic and not very reactive chemically, and a carboxylic acid group which is ionized in solution, extremely hydrophilic, and readily forms esters and amides. In all types of cells, the fatty acids occur freely, and instead, that are esterified to other components which can mention this component makes the products that are the saponifiable lipids compounds.

Essential fatty acids. Some mammals and few animals to synthesize certain fatty acids require in their human diet that is essential fatty acids include in linoleic acid and arachidonic acid etc., Such essential fatty acid has to be obtained from plant material by the animals.

Types of lipids 

1. simple lipids

2. compound lipids and

3. derived animals

1. Simple lipids. 

The simple lipids  in the other way we can say  alcohol and esters of fatty acids are:

                                                Lepage

Triglyceride                 ------------------------->             Glycerol + 3 Fatty acids

(Simple lipids)                          H2O  

Simple lipids are also following two types:

(a.) Natural fats (Glycerids or triglycerides). Triesters and glycerol are natural fats that contain fatty acids. Natural fats represent the major type of stored lipid and so accumulate in the cytoplasm.

(b.) Waxes. Waxes in the high melting point besides neutral fats and the esters of fatty acids of higher molecules weight with the alcohol compounds and except in the glycerol compounds are contained in beeswax etc,.

2. Compounds lipids. 

The compound lipids present fatty acids, alcohols, and other compounds that are phosphorous, amino -nitrogen carbohydrates, etc and molecules. 

Few of the lipids compound are important structural components of all types of cells and the particular way of mostly found of cell membranes. The  lipids cell types that are  given below :

(i) Phospholipids. In the molecule of phospholipids compounds that have two of the -OH  groups in glycerol acid while the third -OH group is linked with phosphoric acid. The phosphate is further linked to a hydrophilic compound such as ethanolamine, choline, inositol, or serine.

(ii) Sphingolipids. The sphingolipids compounds occur in the brain's cells. The glycerol contains the molecules form in their amine alcohol. According to the myelin sheaths of the nerve fibers present a lipid that is known as sphingomyelin.

(iii) Glycolipids. The glycolipids contain in the carbohydrates and the lipids compounds. Glycolipids of the animal cells' matrix that are two kinds:

(a.) Cerebrosides
(b.) Gangliosides.

3. Derived lipids (or Nonsaponifiable lipids). 

Some type of lipids do not occur fatty acids constituents that are three types are:

A. Terpenes. The terpenes include certain fat-soluble vitamins ( example., vitamines A, E, and K), carotenoids ( example., photosynthesis pigments of plants), and certain coenzymes (such as coenzyme Q or ubiquinone). The terpenes compounds are synthesized of a five-carbon building block that is called an isoprene unit. The isoprene units bonded are in a head-to-tail means just the opposite form in this organization.

B. Steroids. The steroid compounds are present in the form of fused cyclohexane as well as cyclopentane rings. As far as derivative is concerned that of perhydro- cyclopentane- phenanthrene, which presents of 3 fused cyclohexane rings and a terminal cyclopentane. Steroids have deeply different physiological characteristics of steroids. 

Some examples:

1.Steroids 

2. Hormones.

C. Prostaglandins. As far as Hydroxy is concerned and their derivatives of 20- carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids that are called prostaglandins. They are found in human seminal fluid, testis, kidney, placenta, uterus, stomach, lung, brain, and heart.



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