Skip to main content

What is the Cell Wall|Plasma Membrane and its analysis

 Plasma Membrane and its Cell Wall

A plasma membrane encloses every type of cell wall and both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells of biological cells. It physically separates the cytoplasm from the surrounding cellular environment in this nature. The plasma membrane is an ultra-thin cell wall, elastic of cell wall, living of cell, dynamic and selective transport- the barrier of plasma membrane's cell wall. It is a fluid-mosaic assembly of molecules of lipids means (phospholipids and cholesterol) as well as proteins and carbohydrates. 

The plasma membrane controls the entry of all types of nutrients and exit of waste products through the anus and generates differences in ion concentration between the interior and exterior of the cell wall. It also acts as a sensor of external signals for some examples that are hormonal, immunological, etc., and allows the cell to react or change in response to environmental signals for cells. The cells of bacteria and plants have the plasma membrane between the cell wall and the cytoplasm of biological cells. For cells without cell walls for some examples mycoplasma and animal cells, plasma membrane forms the cell surface in nature.

Plasma Membrane and its analysis,plasma membrane

All biological membranes including the plasma membrane and the internal membrane of eukaryotic cells  that are some membranes bounding endoplasmic reticulum or ER, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, peroxisome, etc., are similar in structure i.e., fluid- mosaic and selective permeability but differing in other functions of the cell wall.

The plasma membrane is also called the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell membrane, or plasmalemma.

Isolation and Analysis

The plasma membrane of isolation is so thin that it can not be observed and analyzed through the light microscopic. The structure of the plasma membrane of various cells has been studied by their isolation from the living systems and also by their artificial synthesis by using their constituent molecules. The pure and isolated membranes and then studied by biochemical and biophysical methods. 

For such experiments of human red blood cells have been selected through E.Gorter and F.Grendel for following advantages that are:

These isolation cells are easy to present that are called extremely simple. Since these cells contain no intracellular organelles or membrane, so the only membrane structure to be considered is almost entirely that of the cell surface. Lastly, the plasma membrane of erythrocytes is relatively tough and does not readily fragment.

Plasma membranes are more easily isolated from erythrocytes subjected to hemolysis. The cells are treated with hypotonic solutions that due to endosmosis produce swelling and then the loss of the hemoglobin content i.e., hemolysis. 

The resulting in a plasma membrane that is called a red blood cell ghost. If hemoglobin is mild and permeability functions of the membrane can be restored through the certain treatment of cell wall that is called resealed ghost. But if hemoglobin is more drastic and there is no chance of its resealing of the cell wall and that resulting membrane is called the white ghost of the plasma membrane's cell wall. While the resealed ghosts can be used for the study of biochemical properties of the cell walls.

The cell wall of yeast in the plasma membrane, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can be enzymatically removed with the help of a snail gut enzyme, and the resultant protoplast serves as a source of the cell wall for the plasma membrane.


See also


Popular posts from this blog

What is Cells and Viruses Entities of Living Organisms

  Introduction of Cell The cell is the basic unit of organization or structure of all living matter. A.G. L Loewy and according to Wilson and Morrison (1966)  " an integrated and continuously changing system of the living beings of cells ."  And according to John Paul (1970) " the simplest integrated organization in living being systems of the cells, capable of independent survival". Virus es Viruses are very small submicroscopic biological entities which though lack cellular organization possess their own genetic material, genetically determined macromolecular organization, and characteristic mode of inheritance . For their multiplication of viruses, they essentially require the presence of some host cells of the living system, i.e., they are obligate cellular parasites of either bacteria, plants, or animals it means all living beings. Structure Viruses are quite a varied group. They range between 30 to 300 nm or 300 to 3000 Altitude in size, so they can be observe...
Read more

Why need Cell Biology for Human

Introduction of Cell Biology  It seems to be an axiom of nature that where there is diversity, there is also similarly, Indeed, nature's variety is boundless. When walking through the woods, across a field, along a stream, through a zoo or wildlife sanctuary, one is impressed with the diversity of life. Even looking through a microscope can be an elating experience in this modern era. The universe of the cell is complex and diverse . As the world around us, the would of the cell is one of the forms specialized for a particular type of existence. And as is in the larger universe of the plant and animal kingdom where one can perceive basic life-sustaining process common to all organisms, in the cellular world many of the same processes and structures can be found in almost all cells. Cells basic structures- nuclei, cytoplasmic metric  or cytology, plastids, mitochondria, cytoplasmic  reticulum, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, etc,- all appear with predictable regularity. ...
Read more

Best Techniques in Cell Biology

Introduction of Cell Biology Cells are tiny but complex bodies. It is difficult to see their structure; more difficult to understand their molecular composition and still difficult to find out the function of their various components.  What one can learn about cells, depends on the tools at one's disposal and, in fact, a major advances in cell biology have biology have frequently taken place with the introduction of new techniques to the study of cells. Two types of techniques 1. First techniques of Microscopy In the 1st technique for information about the structure and composition of cells, the cell biologist immediately face two limitations of Microscopy: the exceedingly small and little dimensions of cells and their components part and the transparent nature of the cells 2. The second technique of Light Microscopy The 2nd technique compound light microscope uses visible light for illuminating the object and contains glass lenses that magnify the images of the objects and focu...
Read more