Introduction of Cell Biology
It seems to be an axiom of nature that where there is diversity, there is also similarly, Indeed, nature's variety is boundless. When walking through the woods, across a field, along a stream, through a zoo or wildlife sanctuary, one is impressed with the diversity of life. Even looking through a microscope can be an elating experience in this modern era. The universe of the cell is complex and diverse. As the world around us, the would of the cell is one of the forms specialized for a particular type of existence. And as is in the larger universe of the plant and animal kingdom where one can perceive basic life-sustaining process common to all organisms, in the cellular world many of the same processes and structures can be found in almost all cells. Cells basic structures- nuclei, cytoplasmic metric or cytology, plastids, mitochondria, cytoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, etc,- all appear with predictable regularity. Such a sameness can also be observed at the molecular level- all cell parts are made of highly organized groups of few types of molecules, i.e., proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, etc.
What is Cell Biology?
The biological science which deals with the study of structure, growth, function, molecular organization, reproduction, and genetics of the cells, is called cytology or cell biology.
Types of Cell Biology
Cell biology has been studied through science students by the following three avenues:
1. Classical Cytology-It dealt with the only light microscopically visible structure of the cell
2. Cell Physiology- It studied biochemistry, biophysics, and functions of the cell.
3. Cell Biology- It biology interpreted the cell in terms of molecules.
History
Ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle and Paracelsus concluded that'' all animals and plants, however, complicated, are constituted of a few elements which are repeated in each of them."Da Vinci (1485) recommended the use of lenses in viewing small objects. In 1558, Swiss biologist, Conrad Gesner (1516-1565) publish the results of his studies on the structure of a group of protists called foraminifera.
1.Growth of Cell Biology during the 18th Century
Robert Hooke(1635-1703) is credited with coining the term cell in 1665. He examined a thin slice cut from a piece of dried cork under the compound microscopes. which are built by him. In 1665, hooks published a collection of essays under the title Micrographia. One essay described cork as a honeycomb of chambers in the tree or "cells". The chambers or cells are now recognized to be empty spaces left behind after the living portions of the cell had disintegrated. Hooks thought of the cells, he observed as something similar to veins and arteries of animals- they were filled with "juices" in living plants. But his crude microscopes did not permit the observation of any intracellular structure.
2. Growth of cell Biology during the 19th century
The 19th century witnessed various cell biological inventions and formulations of various landmark theories such as cell theory and protoplasm theory. In 1807. Mirabel stated that all types of plant tissues were composed of cells. French biologist, Rene Dutrochet (1776-1827) correctly concluded in 1824, that all animal and plant tissues were "aggregate of globular cells." In 1831, an English botanist Robert Brown (1773-1858) discovered and named the nucleus in the cells(e.g., epidermis, stigmas, and pollen grains ) of the plant Tradescantia, He established that the nucleus was the fundamental and constant component of the cells.
Theory of Cell
Cell theory does not have a universal application, that is there certain living organisms that do not have true cells. All kinds of true cell share the following three basic characteristics:
1. A set of a gene which constitutes the blueprints for regulating cellular activities and making new cells.
2. A limiting plasma membrane that permits a controlled exchange of matter and energy with the external world.
3.A metabolic machinery for sustaining life activities such as growth reproduction and repair of parts.
Theory of Protoplasm
J.E Purkinje (1787-1869) coined the termed protoplasm to describe the contents of cells(animals and embryos). Von Mohl, in 1846, applied the name protoplasm to the contents of embryonic cells of the plants in this environment.
Protoplasm theory holds that all living matter, out of which animals and plants are formed, is the protoplasm. The cell is an accumulation of living substance or protoplasm which is limited in space by an outer membrane and possesses a nucleus. The protoplasm which is filled in the nucleus is called Protoplasm.
- Power of self skills growth
- Health care is the successful in life journey
- Top professional Cources
- Top courses in low cost
- Best professional Cources in Ranchi Jharkhand
- Hospital management cources
- Sanitary Health Inspector Course in jharkhand
- High demand in govt. of sanitary health inspector cources
- Hospital management cources
- Theolog course with govt recognised college